11-10-24, and 11-11-24

Reserved characters in HTML must be replaced with entities:

• < (less than) = & l t ;
• > (greater than) = & g t ;

HTML Character Entities

Some characters are reserved in HTML. If you use the less than (<) or greater than (>) signs in your HTML text, the browser might mix them with tags. Entity names or entity numbers caqn be used to display reserved HTML characters. Entity names look like this:

&entity_name;

Entity numbers look like this:

&#entity_number;

To display a less than sign (<) we must write: & l t ; or & # 6 0 ;

Tip: Entity names are easier to remeber than entity numbers.

Non-breaking Space

A commonly used HTML entity is the non-breaking space: & n b s p ;

Anon-breaking space is a space that will not break into a new line. Two words separated by a non-breaking space will stick together (not break into a new line). This is handy when breaking the words might be disruptive. Examples:

• § 10
• 10 km/h
• 10 PM

Another common use of the non-breaking space is to prevent browser from truncating spaces in HTML pages. If you write 10 spaces in your text, the browser will remove 9 of them. To add real spaces to your texyt, you can use the & n b s p ; character entity.

Tip: The non-breaking hyphen (& # 8 2 0 9 ;) is used to define a hyphen character (-) that does not break into a new line.

Some Useful HTML Character Entities

Note:Entity names are case sensitive.

Combining Diacritical Marks

A daiacritical mark is a "glyph" added to a letter. Some diacritcal marks, like grave ( ̀ ) and acute ( ́ ) are called accents. Diacritical marks can be be used in combination with alphanumeric characters to produce a character that is not present in the character set (encoding) used in the page. Here are some examples:

There are more examples in the next chapter.